Examination: A complete physical examination with Medical history is an important tool of diagnosis.

X-ray: It shows alignment of the spine, degenerative diseases, fractures, or tumours. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): It shows clear images of disc deterioration, pathologies of the spinal cord, spinal stenosis, herniated discs, spinal tumours, and abnormalities in nerves and ligaments.

Computerized Tomography Scan (CT scan): This helps to show abnormalities in bones and soft tissue.

Myelography: It is used to outline the spinal cord, nerve roots, abnormal disc conditions or bone spurs by using an X-ray or CT scan.

Electromyogram: It helps to know if a nerve root is pinched or irritated.

Spinal Tap: It involves drawing a sample of cerebrospinal fluid and analyzing it for elevated pressure, infection, bleeding, or tumour.

Radioactive Bone Scan: Helps to find a fracture or osteoporosis in the vertebrae.